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    苜蓿

    让我们先来好好认识一下幸运草。在西方发源地人们称它为Four Leaf Clover。Clover是一种三叶草,学名苜蓿。整个词组译成中文就是四叶的三叶草。为什么称四叶的三叶草才是幸运草呢?
    因为Clover,也就是苜蓿其本身是三个小叶,在极其偶然的情况下会出现四个小叶。最早的解释是三叶草的一叶代表希望,二叶代表信念,三叶代表真爱,而神奇的第四叶就是幸运了。据统计,自然界苜蓿出现四叶的概率只有十万分之一,可谓少之又少,所以发现四叶苜蓿的人就被认为可以交上好运,而四叶苜蓿也被看作是一件幸运的信物,被世人称作幸运草。
    现实生活中被认为可以找到的幸运草植物通常有两种:一种是上面介绍的苜蓿(Clover),又称三叶草或者车轴草,豆科车轴草属性;另一种是酢浆草(Shamrock), 又称酸酸草,酢浆草科。两者共同的特点是均为多年生草本植物,都有三个小叶,并且小叶是倒卵形或者倒心形。外形最主要的区别就在于苜蓿的叶边缘有锯齿状,而酢浆草是光滑的边缘。虽然酢浆草也有四叶形态出现,但是经过研究发现,其出现四叶的概率相当高,并且还会有五叶、六叶的形态出现。(具体请看本文最下面的数据表格)酢浆草也是我们身边非常容易碰到的一种植物,这就是为什么有的人会奇怪,说幸运草很珍贵,很稀有,但是为什么我家门口或者是我们学校操场旁边都可以很容易的找到不只一片的四叶草呢?
    从幸运草这个单词来分析,幸运草被称作Four Leaf Clover,而不是Four Leaf Shamrock,就是因为从幸运草开始流传的时候开始,人们就认定只有珍贵的四叶苜蓿才是幸运的象征,而非比较常见的三叶酢浆草。

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